Stefan Kozlov turned professional in 2013, making his ATP World Tour debut as a wildcard at the 2013 Hall of Fame Tennis Championships at the age of 15. The following year, Kozlov showcased his emerging talent by reaching two junior Grand Slam finals at both the Australian Open and Wimbledon. He capped off a strong 2014 season with a significant victory, winning the prestigious Orange Bowl junior tournament, and further demonstrated his potential by reaching his first ATP Challenger final in Sacramento the same year. Kozlov continued his ascent through the professional ranks, securing his first career ATP level match win as a wildcard at the 2016 Ricoh Open.
These victories propelled him back into the top 200 in the ATP rankings, underscoring his renewed competitive edge and consistent performance at a high level. The year 2022 proved to be a career-defining period for Kozlov. He made his Grand Slam debut at the Australian Open, securing his first main draw win by defeating Ji?í Veselý. He also reached his second ATP quarterfinal at the Delray Beach Open.
Building on this momentum, Stefan Kozlov achieved his career-high singles ranking of world No. 103 on July 18, 2022, shortly after entering the main draw of the 2022 Wimbledon Championships as a lucky loser. Throughout his professional career, Kozlov has accumulated over $1,058,176 in prize money.